Bunions 101: What They Are, Why They Form and How to Treat Them
A bunion is a joint deformity at the base of your big toe. (Less often, bunions form at the base of your small toe. They’re then called tailor’s bunions.) On your big toe, bunions develop when your metatarsal bone rotates outwardly. This then pushes your big toe in towards the others, leaving your joint sticking out. It’s that joint which creates a bunion’s signature bony bump. And today, we’ll explore the causes of this bone rotation, as well as ways you can prevent and treat bunions.
Bunion Risks
Most people with bunions notice that their parents or grandparents also had bony bumps on their feet. That’s because you can inherit the shape and structure of your feet. And certain foot types are more likely to develop bunions. (These include flat feet, feet with low arches or feet that have looser tendons or joints.) If your metatarsal bone is overly rounded at its head, that could also increase your bunion risk, because it creates instability in your joints.
The shoes you wear can speed up bunion growth, but they aren’t likely to be the only cause of your problem. Still, if your foot structure increases your risk for bunions, you should avoid high heels since they position your feet to put more pressure on your toe joints. The same is true of pointy-toed shoes, which can pinch your feet and possibly lead to bone or joint rotation.
Preventing Bunion Development
If you are at risk for bunions, or just have a small bump, early intervention makes all the difference. First, you’ll need to choose supportive footwear with plenty of space in the toe box (the section at the front of your foot.) Adding orthotics to your footwear can also help reduce your bunion risk or keep small bunions from getting bigger. That’s because these medical devices support your feet and can help make up for structural issues that increase your bunion risk.
Bunion Treatment Options in Westfield, IN
If you have a small bunion already, we can pad the bump to keep you comfortable. This should prevent rubbing against your shoes. It may also stop inflammation from setting in around your bunion. If your bunions become painful, you can find relief with over-the-counter NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen). Icing the area may help as well.
But if you’re having a hard time fitting into your shoes, or if walking becomes difficult, we may need to explore more invasive treatments. Cortisone injections can help with swelling and pain. Still, for long term relief—and a permanent treatment—you may need bunion surgery.
When it comes to bunions, early treatment is key. This is the best way to prevent small bunions from becoming larger. (And to avoid surgery.) Already noticed a bump forming on your foot? Don’t wait another day. Schedule an immediate appointment with podiatrist Dr. David Sullivan.